Learning guides
Understand readings and expressions, then put them into practice with review and mock tests.
勤労 and 労働: appreciation, demanding work, and rest
Compare appreciation for long service and work-rest balance with long labor and a farm experience, keeping gifts, needed rest, and physical context distinct.
遂行 and 実行: carrying out a mission, plan, or command
Compare an assigned mission and procedure review for safe execution with an agreed plan and checking a command before execution, preserving actions, aims, and instructions.
実行 and 実施: carrying out a plan, drill, or survey
Compare an executed plan and a command-check instruction with a drill next Monday and a survey conducted in three regions, preserving objects, timing, and scope.
処理 and 作業: an object handled and a task performed
Compare used oil and data processing with tool inspection before dangerous work and a completed cleanup, preserving elapsed time, preparation, and outcome.
工程 and 過程: work stages and a path to completion or failure
Compare a product's stages and a risk from skipping a step with a documented process and learning from failure, preserving conditions, risk, and possibility.
進行, 進展, and 進捗: flow, development, and reported progress
Compare conducting a meeting and delayed construction with advancing talks, new evidence, and reported work status, without treating progress as full completion.
滞る and 停滞: delayed flow, stalled work, and an avoidance goal
Compare delayed deliveries and payments two months behind with a week of stalled construction and issues organized to avoid stagnating discussion.
捗る and 進捗: favorable progress and a status to report
Compare reading that goes well and work advancing beyond expectations with weekly progress reporting and a plan on schedule, keeping degree distinct from completion.
仕上げ and 仕上がる: finishing work, a result, and a forecast
Compare a painting's finishing touch and final polishing with finished bread and a suit expected early, without treating the shop's call as completion or receipt.
尽くす and 費やす: effort, devotion, and time spent
Compare athletes' utmost effort and a teacher's devotion with three months spent on a model and a wish to avoid unnecessary work, preserving effort, duration, and intention.
着工 and 工程: A Planned Construction Start and Work Stages
Compare a library's planned start and a prior briefing with a product-stage diagram and the risk of skipping a step. Distinguish when construction starts from how work stages are arranged.
教師, 教員, and 講師: Teaching Roles and a Question Sent to an Instructor
Read a science teacher, a new faculty member, and a course instructor. Distinguish recording opinions, discussion, and sending a question from agreement, hiring, answers, or a course already held.
医師, 医者, and 看護師: Doctors, an Ambition, a Drama, and a Nurse
Compare consultation and a new clinic physician with a wish to become a doctor, a drama's doctor, and a nurse's temperature measurement or hospital work. Preserve each setting and stated action.
技師, 職人, and 専門家: Technical Work, Handwork, and Expertise
Compare device or hospital testing work, skilled tile handwork, and building or insect expertise. Read occupational focuses and overlap without adding test types, credentials, or resolved problems.
研究者 and 学者: Ongoing Investigation and Exchanges of Results or Views
Compare a material investigation and discussion of results with long study of ancient writing and views exchanged across disciplines. Preserve overlap between researcher and scholar and the stated action stages.
記者 and 作家: A Reporter's Question and a Writer's Books
Compare a question to a coach and coverage of town changes with writing children's books and hearing a writer's lecture. Distinguish reporting and authorship while preserving who asks, writes, and listens.
著者 and 著作: An Author to Question and Three Works Borrowed
Compare the author one could question or who records observations with borrowed works and later writings. Distinguish person, work, opportunity, and the number of books.
執筆 and 著作: Writing in Progress, Collected Materials, and Existing Works
Compare writing a new work or collecting materials for a paper with borrowed works and later writings. Distinguish writing and preparation from the works without assuming completion or publication.
農家 and 農業: A Farmer or Farm Household and the Field of Agriculture
Compare buying vegetables or being taught rice cultivation with long-term agricultural work and climate impact. Preserve people and household meanings alongside the field of activity.
稼働 and 運転: Running Devices and Temporarily Suspended Train Service
Compare a repaired machine and three devices running together with driving to work and train service suspended by snow. Preserve the operating object and simultaneous or temporary timing.
教育 and 教養: educational activity and cultural literacy
Compare discussion of education at home and a museum's educational role with reading and the wish to develop cultural literacy. Follow the activity, setting, and content of learning.
教養 and 知識: general cultivation and kinds of knowledge
Read general cultural literacy alongside specialized knowledge, knowledge of a local culture, and knowledge supporting judgment. Compare content and scope without imposing a depth-versus-breadth hierarchy.
学習 and 勉強: study by people and learning by a device
Compare recorded study time and a device learning user operations with studying before a test and practicing characters every morning. Identify the learner, activity, and proposed settings.
勉強 and 学問: concrete study and scholarly pursuit
Compare library study before a test and daily character study with a lifelong attempt to study history and a questioning attitude. Read activity, field, and evidence without assuming completed mastery.
学問 and 学識: scholarly pursuit and a person's learning
Compare scholarship as a field or attitude with a teacher's learning and the need for clear explanation. Distinguish scholarly knowledge from the separate ability to explain it.
学歴 and 学識: educational history and scholarly learning
Compare education recorded on an application with a teacher's learning and the need for clear explanation. Identify what the record states and why it does not alone establish ability.
学科, 科目, and 専攻: department, subjects, and major
Distinguish a chosen department, subjects taken in a semester, and a major field. Read classes outside a major without treating them as a change of major or combining separate students.
講座 and 受講: course content and taking a course
Compare signing up for photography, learnable writing content, and ongoing attendance at an evening language course. Read the course, participant, registration, and request separately.
教材 and 教科書: video course material and a textbook
Compare a video used in class and age-suited resources sought at a library with opening or receiving a textbook. Distinguish learning use, the named book, and the reported action.
辞書 and 辞典: shared dictionary lookup and modifiers
Read unfamiliar-word lookup in both dictionaries and the small English dictionary or old character dictionary on a desk. Learn their readings and actual modifiers without exclusive subject or medium rules.