実行 and 実施: carrying out a plan, drill, or survey
Compare an executed plan and a command-check instruction with a drill next Monday and a survey conducted in three regions, preserving objects, timing, and scope.
実行: a plan carried out and a command to check
実行 (じっこう) means execution or implementation. 「話し合って決めた計画をすぐ実行した。」 means “We promptly carried out the plan we had agreed upon.” The plan agreed through discussion was promptly carried out. The object of 実行 here is the settled plan, and the action is past. The word alone does not identify the number of people involved or the kind of organization.
「この命令を実行する前に内容を確認する。」 means “Check the contents before executing this command.” The command's contents are to be checked before execution. The English also gives an instruction, so the sentence should not be converted into a past completed check or command execution.
実施: a scheduled drill and a conducted survey
実施 (じっし) means implementation or execution. 「避難訓練を来週の月曜日に実施する。」 means “We will conduct the evacuation drill next Monday.” The evacuation drill will be conducted next Monday. Read 来週の月曜日に with 実施する to retain the future schedule, rather than treating the drill as already over.
「調査は三つの地域で同時に実施された。」 means “The survey was carried out simultaneously in three regions.” The survey was conducted simultaneously in three regions. 三つの地域で同時に gives the number of regions and the simultaneous timing, without providing the findings or an approval outcome.
Compare the object, schedule, and regional scope
With 実行, attend to the plan or command being put into action. With 実施, attend to the drill or survey and its schedule or scope. The meanings can overlap, rather than belonging exclusively to individual and institutional activities.
The past execution of a plan, an instruction for checking, a drill next week, and a past survey in three regions are separate kinds of information. Distinguishing the future drill's date from the conducted survey's regional scope preserves the tense.
How do the evacuation drill 来週の月曜日に実施する and the survey 三つの地域で同時に実施された differ in timing and scope?
Show the answer and why
The drill is scheduled for next Monday, while the survey was conducted simultaneously in three regions. Neither a completed drill nor survey findings should be added. The objects used with 実行 and 実施 can be compared without an exclusive individual-versus-institution rule.