Learning guides
Understand readings and expressions, then put them into practice with review and mock tests.
延期 and 中止: postponing an event or canceling it
Read event notices accurately, distinguishing postponement from cancellation and checking whether a new date has been set.
変更 and 訂正: changing a plan or correcting an error
Compare schedule changes with corrections, without assuming that every change fixes an error in the original information.
修正 and 改善: revising a part or improving a condition
Separate what was revised from the improvement sought, and distinguish completed revisions from evidence of their effect.
決定 and 確定: reaching a decision and finalizing information
Distinguish choosing a venue from finalizing attendance figures, without reading finalization as permanent impossibility of change.
保留 and 未定: putting a decision on hold or leaving details undecided
Distinguish approval placed on hold from an undecided date, without treating a pending decision as approval or rejection.
確認 and 点検: checking information and inspecting equipment
Compare checking meeting times with inspecting equipment, and avoid guessing availability from an inspection notice alone.
提出 and 提示: submitting a document or showing it for inspection
Distinguish submitting an application from presenting identification, without reading a request to show something as a request to leave it behind.
相談 and 依頼: discussing a solution or requesting an action
Identify who is consulted and what action is requested, without treating a request as acceptance or completed work.
承認 and 許可: approving a proposal and permitting an action
Compare plan approval with permission to take photographs, keeping the scope of each authorization clear.
通知 and 案内: notifying results and explaining how to proceed
Compare result notifications with event guidance, distinguishing received instructions from an approved application.
予約 and 申し込み: reserving a place and applying to participate
Compare seat reservations with training applications, checking notices that leave a lottery or confirmation after application receipt.
注文 and 購入: placing an order and buying an item
Track ordering, purchasing, and delivery separately, without assuming that a purchased item has already been received.
支払い and 精算: making payment and settling the exact amount
Compare paying a price with settling business travel expenses, checking calculation, processing, and actual transfer as separate stages.
受け取る and 渡す: the receiver and the person handing an item over
Describe one document transfer from both sides, identifying the people marked by に and から.
返却 and 返品: returning borrowed items and returning merchandise
Compare returning a library book with returning a purchase, identifying the item's relationship and the recipient.
交換 and 取り替え: exchanging with others and replacing an item
Compare exchanging opinions with replacing batteries, recognizing contexts in which the two expressions overlap.
配達 and 配送: delivery to a recipient and shipping arrangements
Read delivery times and shipping preparation, allowing overlap between the words while separating arrangements from arrival.
添付 and 同封: attaching a file and enclosing an item
Learn email-attachment and postal-enclosure contexts, separating a statement about an attachment from checking that it is actually present.
包装 and 包む: packaging goods and wrapping an object
Compare a gift-wrapping request with wrapping plates in cloth, learning the noun 包装 and the verb 包む in context.
保存 and 保管: saving content and keeping items in custody
Compare saving files, preserving food, and storing baggage, without inferring condition or storage duration from a location alone.
記入 and 入力: filling in a form and entering data
Compare writing on a form with entering values on a screen, distinguishing entry from saving or sending the information.
開始 and 再開: starting an activity and resuming it
Compare opening a process with resuming interrupted work, keeping the restart time separate from final completion.
完了 and 終了: completing a process and ending an activity
Compare completed data entry with ended work, including contexts where the work stops while the material remains unfinished.
残り and 余り: the part remaining and the amount left over
Distinguish unfinished work or time remaining from a surplus after distribution, recognizing that the same remaining items may take either word in context.
追加 and 補充: adding something and replenishing a supply
Compare adding a menu item with replenishing paper, including situations where replenishment still leaves too little for the next day.
不足 and 余裕: a shortfall and room to spare
Track staff shortages and spare time separately, using the required amount rather than a number alone to judge sufficiency.
紛失 and 忘れ物: loss and belongings left behind
Distinguish the state of losing an item from the item left behind, identifying the finder and owner separately.
登録 and 更新: recording information and updating it
Compare registering an address with updating existing information, checking the updated field and any unfinished submission step.
早退 and 欠席: leaving early and being absent
Compare early departure with absence, tracking whether someone attended first or was absent from the relevant session.
休憩 and 休暇: a break during work and a period of leave
Compare a break within an activity with leave from work, without treating one person's leave as closure of an entire facility.