予約 and 申し込み: reserving a place and applying to participate
Compare seat reservations with training applications, checking notices that leave a lottery or confirmation after application receipt.
Arranging a place or time in advance
予約, read よやく, means reserving a place, time, or similar arrangement. 図書館の座席を予約しました。 means that a library seat was reserved.
予約した時間に受付へ来てください。 asks someone to come to reception at the reserved time. Making a reservation and attending on the day are different actions.
Applying to participate or use a service
申し込み, read もうしこみ, means an application to participate or use something. 研修への申し込みは昨日済ませました。 says that the training application was completed yesterday.
申し込みのあとに抽選があります。 announces a lottery after applications. In this case, applying alone does not establish that a place has been secured.
Checking status rather than only the procedure name
予約 and 申し込み may refer to similar procedures within the same service. Do not assume how processing works from the word alone; read status information such as receipt or finalization too.
申し込みを受け付けました。予約の確定は明日お知らせします。 says that the application was received and reservation finalization will be announced tomorrow. Separate receipt from the time of confirmation.
Does 申し込みのあとに抽選があります。 establish that every applicant can participate?
Show the answer and why
No. A lottery follows the application, so its result must be checked to determine whether an applicant can participate.