Learning guides
Understand readings and expressions, then put them into practice with review and mock tests.
理想 and 現実: desired states and actual conditions
Describe the gap between an ideal and reality, and track whether realization is desired or complete.
想像 and 空想: unseen situations and fantasy
Distinguish imagined content from its realism without treating imagination as verified fact.
記憶 and 思い出: remembered information and personal experiences
Distinguish memory broadly from experiences recalled personally, and learn patterns with the noun 思い出.
印象 and 評価: impressions and evaluations
Distinguish an initial impression from an evaluation and avoid generalizing one person's impression to everyone.
判断 and 決断: assessing and deciding
Distinguish the basis for a judgment from the action decided on, and separate decisions from execution.
提案 and 助言: proposals and advice
Distinguish accepting a proposal from offering it, and following advice from receiving it.
議論 and 討論: discussion and debate
Learn the overlapping scope of discussion and debate while separating participation, topic, and conclusion.
質問 and 疑問: asking questions and having a doubt
Distinguish developing a doubt, asking a question, and resolving the uncertainty.
答え and 返事: an answer's content and a response
Distinguish a solution from responding to a request, including responses that do not resolve the question.
説明 and 解説: instructions and explanatory commentary
Learn overlapping explanatory terms through common combinations, separating reading material from understanding it.
赤 and 青: color names and descriptive forms
Learn to name red and blue or use them to describe an object's color.
白 and 黒: colors and the area colored
Learn white and black while distinguishing a background, lettering, and partially painted areas.
緑 and 黄色: color-specific modifying forms
Connect green and yellow to objects while recognizing that color names form modifiers differently.
直線 and 曲線: straight and curved lines
Distinguish line shape from length and read requests to connect points with a straight line.
縦 and 横: orientation and dimensions
Learn vertical and horizontal directions, arrangements, and dimensions rather than a neighboring position.
幅 and 高さ: width and height
Distinguish width from height without treating agreement in one dimension as identical overall size.
長さ and 距離: an object's length and separation between points
Distinguish the length of an object from the distance between an origin and a destination.
重さ and 量: weight and amount
Distinguish weight as a measurement basis from amount more generally, and track changes separately from totals.
面積 and 体積: area and volume
Connect area and volume to their units without assuming equality in one guarantees equality in the other.
割合 and 比率: shares of a whole and ratios
Distinguish a share of a whole from a ratio between groups without inferring actual counts from a ratio alone.
犬 and 猫: pets and observed animals
Distinguish keeping, observing, and counting dogs and cats.
鳥 and 虫: visible creatures and audible sounds
Distinguish sound from sight and location from movement when observing birds and bugs.
馬 and 牛: counts and observers' actions
Learn counting expressions for horses and cattle while separating photographs, observation, and riding.
豚 and 羊: animals and materials from them
Distinguish pigs and sheep themselves from combinations referring to meat, wool, or depictions.
鶏 and 卵: the layer and the egg
Distinguish chickens from eggs and read counts, actors, and completed cooking actions.
蜂 and 蚊: observing bees and mosquitoes
Learn the animal names while separating visible locations from audible sounds.
虎 and 熊: animals and their depictions
Check whether a tiger or bear reference concerns direct observation, a picture, or a toy.
猿 and 鹿: locations before and after movement
Use monkey and deer examples to distinguish movement relative to trees or woods from remaining in place.
蛇 and 亀: speed and sequence of movement
Distinguish a particular observed scene from a general trait in snake and turtle examples.
動物 and 植物: broad groups and observation scope
Read the group names for animals and plants without expanding a limited investigation to the whole.