犬 and 猫: pets and observed animals
Distinguish keeping, observing, and counting dogs and cats.
Keeping a dog
犬, read いぬ, means dog. 犬を飼っています。 means keeping a dog, not merely having seen one.
犬が一匹います。 says that there is one dog. It does not identify who keeps it.
Observing a cat
猫, read ねこ, means cat. 窓の外に猫が見えます。 says that a cat is visible outside the window.
猫を探しています。 means looking for a cat. It does not include the result of finding it.
Two animals' states
犬は起きていますが、猫は寝ています。 says that the dog is awake but the cat is asleep. Match each state to the correct animal.
犬も猫も飼っていません。 says that neither dogs nor cats are kept. The negative applies to both.
Does 犬が一匹います necessarily mean a dog kept by the speaker?
Show the answer and why
No. It establishes the presence of one dog. Ownership requires separate information.