留まる: a waiting-room stay and damage limited to one warehouse
Distinguish passengers remaining in a station waiting room because of snow from damage limited to one warehouse without reaching homes.
People staying and damage being limited
留まる (とどまる) means to remain or be limited to. The passenger example concerns a continuing stay at a place; the damage example concerns the bounds of an effect.
First identify who or what 留まる describes. The passengers' location and the limit of the damage express different relations, so the waiting room and warehouse do not both function as places where people stayed.
A snow-related stay and a limit on damage
「雪のため乗客は駅の待合室に長く留まった。」 (The passengers remained in the station waiting room for a long time because of the snow.) The passengers remained in the station waiting room because of the snow. 長く states that the stay was long, without giving an exact duration or reporting a later departure.
「被害は倉庫一棟に留まったため、家屋には及ばなかった。」 (The damage was limited to one warehouse and did not reach any homes.) The damage was limited to one warehouse and did not reach homes. The warehouse was affected, so the limited extent of the damage does not mean there was no damage at all.
Separate a continuing location from an affected scope
駅の待合室に identifies where the passengers remained. 倉庫一棟に identifies the bound of the damage. The subject determines whether the relation concerns a stay or a limited effect.
家屋には及ばなかった states that the damage did not reach homes. Retaining the one-warehouse bound preserves both the damage to that warehouse and the absence of its spread to homes.
Does damage being limited to one warehouse mean that there was no damage?
Show the answer and why
No. Damage occurred, but its extent was limited to one warehouse. It did not reach homes; that does not remove the reported damage to the warehouse.