において: specifying an event's setting or a field of discussion
Identify the location of an event or the field where a judgment applies in notices and reports. Distinguish everyday で, existential に, and noun-modifying における.
Specifying where an event is held
説明会は市民会館において行います。 formally announces that an information session will be held at the civic hall. において specifies the event's setting, not movement toward the hall.
説明会は市民会館で行います。 also naturally gives the same location. において suits notices and reports, but choosing it does not give the event additional authority or legal force.
A field beyond a physical place
この技術は医療において役立ちます。 means that this technology is useful in medicine. 医療 is a field of application, not a building or room.
今回の調査において、新しい問題が見つかりました。 reports that a new issue was discovered in the current investigation. It specifies the activity's scope rather than necessarily identifying a location with an address.
Noun modification and に that cannot simply be replaced
学校における安全対策を話し合います。 uses における to modify 安全対策, safety measures in schools. Distinguish において connecting to the sentence's action from における before a noun.
In 机の上に本があります。, に marks where a book exists. There is no rule for lengthening every place-marking に into において: first distinguish where something happens from where something is located.
Quick check: Does 教育 in 教育における課題 necessarily identify a school building's location?
Show the answer and why
No. It means challenges in the field of education. における makes that field the scope of the following noun 課題.