口頭 and 筆記: speaking, writing notes, and written answers
Read a request to convey changes in writing and an example of taking notes. Keep the oral or written method separate from delivery means and examination completion.
An explanation given orally
口頭 (こうとう) indicates an oral method. 「担当者から口頭で簡単な説明を受けた。」 says a brief spoken explanation was received from the staff member.
「変更点は口頭ではなく書面で伝えてください。」 requests that changes be conveyed in writing rather than orally. Retain both the excluded oral method and the requested written method.
Writing notes and taking a written examination
筆記 (ひっき) refers to writing things down or responding in writing. 「先生の説明をノートに筆記した。」 describes writing the teacher’s explanation in a notebook.
「試験は口頭ではなく筆記で行われる。」 says the examination is given in writing rather than orally. It identifies the method, not a particular candidate’s completion of the exam.
Method and means of delivery
The comparison between 口頭 and 筆記 concerns speaking or writing. Whether a written document is handed over or mailed is a separate means of delivery.
Listening to a spoken explanation and writing notes can occur together. Receiving the explanation does not by itself establish that the listener also took notes.
Does 「試験は口頭ではなく筆記で行われる。」 identify completion or the response method?
Show the answer and why
It identifies the response method: the examination is written rather than oral. It does not report that a particular candidate has completed or passed it.