口述 and 朗読: giving an oral account and reading aloud
Compare a grandfather’s account written down by a grandchild with readings of a poem and a story. Recording, a writer, and an unscripted delivery are not required conditions of 口述.
Giving an account orally
口述 (こうじゅつ) means giving an oral account. In 「祖父が口述した昔話を孫が書き留めた。」, the grandfather told old stories and the grandchild wrote them down.
「記憶を頼りに事件の経緯を口述する。」 describes giving an account of the incident from memory. The Japanese verb is nonpast; it does not present the account as already completed in the past.
Reading a poem or story aloud
朗読 (ろうどく) means reading a text aloud. 「彼女は卒業式で自作の詩を朗読した。」 says she read her own poem aloud at the graduation ceremony.
「寝る前に父が物語を朗読してくれた。」 says the father read a story aloud before bed for the listener. It does not state that he had memorized it.
Example roles and necessary conditions
The grandfather and grandchild have different roles as speaker and writer in their example. This does not make the presence of a writer necessary for every oral account.
Recording or a recording device is not a necessary condition either. An account from memory does not make every 口述 unscripted or improvised, and 朗読 does not require memorization.
Who speaks and who writes in 「祖父が口述した昔話を孫が書き留めた。」?
Show the answer and why
The grandfather gives the oral account, and the grandchild writes it down. These are the roles in this example; they do not establish that every oral account needs a writer or was recorded.