非難 and 批判: targets of blame and uses of criticism
Compare blame for inadequate explanations or failure with criticism of proposals and works. Retain the condition against blaming without knowing the circumstances and the stated use of criticism.
Blame directed at an inadequate explanation
非難（ひなん） means criticism or condemnation. 住民は説明が不十分だとして市を非難した。 says that residents criticized the city for providing an inadequate explanation. Keep the residents and the city in their respective roles.
事情を知らずに失敗した人を非難するべきではない。 says not to criticize someone for failing without knowing the circumstances. Both the condition 事情を知らずに and the negative judgment べきではない matter.
Criticism of a proposal or a work
批判（ひはん） means criticism or critique and can overlap with blame. 提案への批判を整理して次の案に生かした。 describes organizing criticism of a proposal and using it in the next proposal.
作品を批判する前に作者の意図を考えた。 says that the speaker considered the artist's intent before criticizing the work. It gives the object and order of that consideration, not an entirely favorable assessment.
Read the target, condition, and use
The English word criticism can cover both 非難 and 批判. These examples compare blame directed at a city or a person with criticism concerning proposals or works; the context supplies the focus.
Using criticism in the next proposal is the outcome of that example. It does not make every 批判 constructive or every 非難 exclusively negative. Preserve the condition against blaming without knowing the circumstances.
What condition accompanies the judgment in 事情を知らずに失敗した人を非難するべきではない。?
Show the answer and why
Not knowing the person's circumstances. It says not to blame someone for failing under that condition; it does not determine that the person can never be responsible.