発行 and 証明: issuing documents and proving facts
Compare issuing a newsletter or membership card with proving a triangle property or a person’s presence. Identify the medium issued and the fact or property established.
Publishing or issuing a document or medium
発行 (はっこう) means issue or publish. 「図書館が地域の情報誌を毎月発行している。」 means “The library publishes a community newsletter every month.” The library is the publisher, the newsletter is the medium, and every month gives the publication frequency.
「新しい会員証は受付で発行されます。」 means “New membership cards are issued at reception.” New membership cards are what is issued, and reception is the place of issue. This describes issuance rather than listing every right a particular recipient obtains.
Proving a fact or property
証明 (しょうめい) means proof or demonstration. 「数学の授業で三角形の性質を証明した。」 means “In math class, we proved a property of triangles.” The established content is a property of triangles, and the action took place in math class. That function differs from issuing a document.
「彼の記録は当時そこにいたことの証明になる。」 means “His records prove that he was there at the time.” The records establish that he was present at the stated time. The focus is what the records prove rather than simply the records as a medium.
Connect the issued medium with the established content
For 発行, identify what is issued, by whom, or where. For 証明, identify the fact or property established. A document can be used as proof while its issuance and its evidentiary function remain different perspectives.
Publishing the newsletter every month concerns the medium issued. Proving a triangle property concerns the content established. Issuance alone does not mean that every piece of content has been proved; the records example specifically states proof of presence at that time.
What is issued in the library’s newsletter 発行, and what is established in the triangle-property 証明 in math class?
Show the answer and why
The issued object is the community newsletter, a medium. The established content is a property of triangles. Distinguish publishing the medium from proving the property; issuance alone does not prove all its contents.