描く: drawing the surroundings of a house and depicting a process
Read 描く as drawing the scenery around a house on white paper and as a novel depicting the rebuilding of family relationships.
Drawing the scenery around the house on white paper
「白い紙に家の周りの景色を描いた。」 means “I drew the scenery around my house on a sheet of white paper.” 描く（えがく） means draw here. 家の周りの景色 names the scenery around the house, while 白い紙に identifies the paper on which it was drawn.
The object of 描いた is 家の周りの景色. The drawing represents that scenery on paper; it does not describe creating the house or its actual surroundings.
A novel depicting the rebuilding of family relationships
「この小説は家族の関係が再び築かれる過程を丁寧に描いている。」 means “This novel carefully depicts the rebuilding of family relationships.” この小説は introduces the novel as the subject doing the depicting. Its object is 家族の関係が再び築かれる過程, the process of rebuilding family relationships.
丁寧に描いている describes carefully depicting that process. Both the family relationships and the process of rebuilding matter; the sentence does not supply an ending in which every relationship has been fully restored.
Finding the subject and object of each depiction
The first sentence gives a past act of drawing scenery on paper, while the second describes what a novel depicts. Checking the subject and object distinguishes the physical drawing from the literary depiction despite the shared verb 描く.
The novel’s depicted subject matter is the rebuilding of family relationships. The sentence does not identify that process as the author’s actual family history, so the story’s content alone cannot establish a personal biography.
What are the subject and object of the depiction in この小説は家族の関係が再び築かれる過程を丁寧に描いている?
Show the answer and why
The subject is この小説, the novel, and the object is the process of rebuilding family relationships. The sentence is not an action by a person drawing on paper and does not establish the author’s actual family history.