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GRAMMAR DETAIL

に基づいて

N3

based on

Indicates that a judgment or action is founded on the stated information or principle.

Examples

3

Study notes

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

  • Structure: Add に基づいて(にもとづいて) to a noun for information or a principle to mark the basis of a judgment or action.
  • Basic usage: 調査結果に基づいて、計画を変更した。 makes the survey results the basis for changing the plan.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

  • A basis and a topic
    • 調査結果に基づいて判断する uses the results as grounds for a judgment, while 調査結果について話す makes them a topic. Distinguish mentioning information from basing a judgment on it.
  • Noun modification
    • 法律に基づく手続き is a noun phrase for a procedure based on law. Use 基づく rather than 基づいて when directly modifying a following noun.

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