慎む

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 慎む (つつしむ) is a godan transitive verb for refraining from speech, alcohol, or another behavior.
• Basic usage: 私語を慎んでください requests restraint from private conversation during a ceremony, while 酒を慎む means limiting or abstaining from alcohol for health.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Restraint of speech and consumption
  • In 私語を慎む and 酒を慎む, を marks what the subject personally restrains. The verb does not mean scolding another person or legally prohibiting the act.