起立

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 起立 (きりつ) is an action noun for rising from a seated position to stand upright.
• Basic usage: その場で起立する directs a named person to stand immediately, while 全員が起立した reports everyone rising when the chair entered.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Directed action and collective courtesy
  • 起立してください is a polite direction, whereas 起立した reports a completed act. The focus is a change to standing, not merely shifting in one’s seat.