憤慨

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: Written 憤慨 and read ふんがい, it is strong indignation at something judged unjust, irresponsible, or morally wrong.
• Basic usage: It is directed at a unilateral decision and an attitude that treats promises lightly.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Stronger and more moral than irritation
  • The emotion combines anger with condemnation, not mere annoyance.