囲む

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: In 囲む (かこむ), surround 囲 plus inflecting む forms the transitive verb to enclose.
• Basic usage: 囲む is transitive and describes people or objects surrounding a target or forming its perimeter.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Transitive surrounding relation
  • 囲んでいる presents that arrangement or action as continuing.