謝る

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 謝る (あやまる) is a verb meaning to apologize for a fault to another person.
• Basic usage: 遅れたことを友人に謝った states both reason and recipient; 素直に謝るべきだ expresses an obligation to apologize.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Reason with を and recipient with に
  • The matter apologized for takes を, the person addressed takes に, and べきだ adds a judgment of duty.