文明

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 文明, read ぶんめい, means a civilization: the system of culture, institutions, technology, and ways of life developed by a society.
• Basic usage: It can be represented in a model of the ancient world or shown gradually developing in a seaside society within a story.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• A society's developed cultural system
  • It refers to an ancient or developing society's cultural system, as represented in a model or story. Its scope differs from one person's manners or refinement.