人為

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 人為, read じんい, means human action or intervention as opposed to a naturally occurring cause.
• Basic usage: 人為による attributes a changed river course or forest loss to human involvement without necessarily assigning intent.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Change caused by human intervention
  • It asks whether a changed river course or forest loss resulted from human action. Calling something human-caused does not by itself establish intent or malice.