複雑

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 複雑 is read as ふくざつ and is a noun and na-adjective for a complicated structure or a state involving mixed feelings.
• Basic usage: Complicated underground passages appear in 地下通路は複雑だ, while an expression mixing joy and loneliness appears in 複雑な表情.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Predicative and attributive forms
  • Use 複雑だ or 複雑で predicatively and 複雑な表情 before a noun.