倒産

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 倒産 is read as とうさん and is a noun and する verb for a business failing because it can no longer continue operating.
• Basic usage: A company going bankrupt appears in 会社が倒産する, while a client's failure preventing collection appears in 取引先の倒産で代金を回収できない.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Subject and cause
  • Mark the company that fails with が, and use 倒産で when the failure causes another problem.
• Difference from 閉店
  • Unlike the word for a shop closing or ending business hours, this term describes an enterprise becoming unable to continue financially.