侮辱

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 侮辱(ぶじょく) is a noun for an insult that demeans another person through words or actions.
• Basic usage: It marks a target in 仲間への侮辱 and becomes a verb in 相手を侮辱する.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Criticism and insult
  • It focuses on demeaning a person, which is stronger and more personal than simply disagreeing or criticizing an opinion.
• Marking the target
  • A noun phrase can use への, while the verb form with する marks the insulted person with を.