制裁

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: The written form is 制裁, read せいさい. Elements associated with control and punishment combine to denote a sanction imposed for violation or disobedience.
• Basic usage: 制裁が科される states the passive result of a sanction being imposed, while 制裁を加える presents an authority actively applying one.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Penalty for a violation
  • A member receives an official adverse consequence for a serious rule violation. Example: 規則に重大な違反をした会員には制裁が科された。 — A penalty was imposed on the member for a serious rule violation.
• Action by an authority
  • In the story, the king intends punitive action against a town that disobeyed an order. Example: 物語の国王は命令に背いた町へ制裁を加えようとした。 — The king in the story tried to sanction the town for disobeying his orders.