審判

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 審判 is read as しんぱん and is a noun for an official who applies rules in a contest or for judging performed in that role.
• Basic usage: The person appears in 審判が笛を吹く, while a specific decision appears as 判定を変更する.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Difference from 判定
  • 審判 can denote the official or act of judging; 判定 focuses on the particular decision or ruling reached.
• Choosing an English rendering
  • Use referee or official for the person and judgment or ruling when the deciding act or outcome is central.