統治

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 統治 is read as とうち and functions as a noun or with する for governing a country or city through authority and institutions.
• Basic usage: Mark the governed entity with を in 国を統治する, and refer to the system with 統治の仕組み.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Act and system
  • A king governing a country is the act of rule, while a city's 仕組み is the structure through which governance operates.
• Ruler and governed entity
  • 王は identifies the ruler and 国を the governed object, so the country is not the agent of the action.