貫通

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 貫通 is a noun and irregular verb read かんつう, meaning to penetrate or pass all the way through an object or space.
• Basic usage: The penetrated object takes を, and the verb can modify a noun in 山を貫通するトンネル.
  • 釘が薄い板を貫通した。 describes a nail penetrating a thin board; 山を貫通する長いトンネルを模型で再現した。 describes recreating with a model a long tunnel that passes through a mountain.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• 板を貫通する
  • を marks the board through which the nail passes.
• 山を貫通するトンネル
  • The relative clause describes the tunnel as extending through the mountain.
• 模型で再現する
  • で marks the model as the means of recreation, not as the actor.