支配

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 支配 is a noun and irregular transitive verb read しはい, meaning control or domination over people, a region, or a prevailing state.
• Basic usage: In an active clause, を marks the controlled target; in a passive clause, に marks the controlling force. で marks the means of control.
  • 恐怖で人を支配してはいけない。 says that people must not be controlled through fear; この地域は長く乾いた風に支配されている。 describes the region as long dominated by dry winds.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• 恐怖で支配する
  • で identifies fear as the means of control.
• 風に支配される
  • In the passive, に marks the force exerting the dominant influence.
• 支配 and 管理
  • 管理 can mean administering or maintaining something, while 支配 emphasizes strong controlling power over it.