全部

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 全部 is read ぜんぶ and functions as a noun or adverbial expression meaning all or the entirety of a defined set.
• Basic usage: In 本を全部読む and 窓を全部開ける, it follows the object and shows that the action covers that object completely.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• All within a defined set
  • 机の上の本を全部 means all the books on the desk, not every book in existence. Earlier context defines the set.
• Position of 全部
  • The existing examples place it after the object and before the verb. This structure differs from 全部の本を読む, where 全部の directly modifies the noun.
• 全部 and 全て
  • 全て(すべて) also means “all” and is common in written contexts. 全部 sounds natural in everyday speech for the whole of a concrete set or range.