損害

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 損害, read そんがい, means damage or loss suffered by property or other things.
• Basic usage: Use it for flood damage or losses to crops.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Linking the cause
  • The example's 浸水による損害 means damage caused by flooding. による links the damage to its cause.
• Limiting damage
  • 損害を抑えられた means "was able to limit or reduce the damage." It does not mean that no damage occurred.