捏造

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 捏造, read ねつぞう, means fabricating supposed facts or evidence.
• Basic usage: Use it for making up research records or evidence and presenting them as factual.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Changing existing material
  • 改ざん focuses on improperly altering existing content, while 捏造 focuses on inventing false content.
• Expressing the action
  • In the example 研究記録を捏造する, を marks what is fabricated. Add する to use the word as a verb.