懲罰

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 懲罰, read ちょうばつ, means punishment for wrongdoing or a breach of rules.
• Basic usage: It is used when a committee sets a punishment or when punishment alone is said to be insufficient to prevent recurrence.
  • 規則違反に対する懲罰は委員会で決められる。

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• The force of the response compared with 注意
  • 注意 for misconduct can amount to a warning or admonition, while 懲罰 means imposing a punishment.