悲しむ

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 悲しむ(かなしむ) is a verb meaning to grieve or feel sadness about something.
• Basic usage: It describes a family grieving the death of a dog they had raised for many years.
  • 家族は長年飼っていた犬の死を悲しんだ。

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Verb and adjective
  • 悲しい(かなしい) is an adjective describing sadness. 死を悲しむ uses a verb to describe grieving a death, marking what is grieved with を.