誤る

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 誤る(あやまる) means to make an error in a judgment, calculation, or similar matter.
• Basic usage: It describes how an error in a single digit can greatly change a result.
  • 数字を一桁誤ると、計算結果が大きく変わる。

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• Contrast with 謝る
  • 謝る is also read あやまる, but means to apologize. 判断を誤る means to misjudge, whereas 相手に謝る means to apologize to someone.
• Negative and connective forms
  • The negative form is 誤らない, and the connective form is 誤って.