頑な

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 頑な(かたくな) describes a stubborn refusal to bend one's views.
• Basic usage: It describes persistently refusing or showing an unwillingness to change one's mind.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• The repeated な before a noun
  • 頑な itself is read かたくな. Adding the noun-modifying な produces 頑なな態度.
• に before an action
  • In 頑なに拒む, に appears before the verb to give the sense of stubbornly.