材料 and 原料: Materials and a product’s raw material
Compare ingredients or model-making materials with the raw material of paper and sweets. Follow the wood-to-product relationship rather than imposing a fixed manufacturing stage.
材料 used to make something
「夕食の材料を帰りに買ってきます。」 — “I will buy the ingredients for dinner on the way home.” 夕食の材料 names ingredients for dinner. 買ってきます describes bringing them back after buying them, rather than reporting that dinner has already been made.
「木や紙など身近な材料で模型を作りました。」 — “We made the model from readily available materials such as wood and paper.” Wood and paper are materials used to make the model. 材料で expresses that material relationship, and the example shows 材料 outside food preparation.
原料 linked to a product
「この紙の主な原料は木材だ。」 — “The main raw material for this paper is wood.” Read the relationship between この紙 and 木材. 主な limits the claim to the principal raw material, rather than saying wood is the only material.
「工房では菓子の原料を棚ごとに分けている。」 — “The workshop stores the ingredients for the sweets on separate shelves.” 菓子の原料 links sweets with their raw materials. This food example does not support restricting 原料 to industrial products.
The role of the same wood
Wood is 材料 in the model-making example and 主な原料 in the paper example. Its physical identity does not by itself choose the noun; the product and the sentence’s focus establish the relationship.
The nouns overlap. Do not require every 原料 to be an entirely unprocessed object or divide 材料 and 原料 into food-only and industry-only categories.
How does wood’s role differ in 「木や紙など身近な材料」 for a model and 「主な原料は木材」 for paper?
Show the answer and why
It is presented as a material used to make the model and as the principal raw material of the paper. The object can be the same wood, while the product relationship and naming focus differ.