識別 and 照合: identifying from features and checking against a record
Compare identifying birds by their calls with checking a number against a roster. Distinguish the feature cue from the comparison record without assuming a match from execution alone.
Identify from a feature cue
識別, read しきべつ, means identification or distinction. 似た二種類の鳥を鳴き声で識別する。 says that someone identifies two similar kinds of birds by their calls.
鳴き声で supplies the identifying cue. Preserve the nonpast action using a feature rather than turning it into an already completed identification.
Check against a reference record
照合, read しょうごう, means verification or cross-checking. 申込書の番号を名簿と照合した。 says that the application number was checked against the roster.
The roster is the record used for comparison. Checking is completed, but a matching number is not separately established by this sentence.
A helpful mark and an explicitly stated result
箱には中身を識別しやすい印を付けた。 says that a mark making the contents easy to identify was put on the box. Attaching the mark does not establish that everyone has already identified the contents.
二つの記録を照合すると日付の違いが見つかった。 says that comparing the two records revealed a difference in the dates. This example supplies a result, so read it within the explicitly stated scope.
What role does 名簿 have in 申込書の番号を名簿と照合した。?
Show the answer and why
It is the reference record against which the application number is checked. Distinguish this role from an identifying feature cue such as a bird's call.