理論 and 論理: theoretical content and an explanation's reasoning
Compare a theory checked by experiment with the clear logic of an explanation. Read 理論 and 論理 through theoretical content and explanatory or decision-making reasoning, preserving the stated evidence and role of emotion.
理論 as the content checked or considered with evidence
理論 (りろん) names the theory considered or checked. 「講義で学んだ理論を簡単な実験で確かめました。」 means “We confirmed the theory from the lecture with a simple experiment.” The theory learned in the lecture is the content checked, and the simple experiment is the method used.
「彼の理論は興味深いものの、まだ十分な証拠がありません。」 means “His theory is interesting, but it still lacks sufficient evidence.” Interest in the theory and the current lack of sufficient evidence are both stated. A lack of evidence is not a stated conclusion that the theory is false.
論理 in an explanation and the basis for a decision
論理 (ろんり) concerns the logic of an explanation or a judgment. 「説明の論理が明快なので理解しやすい。」 means “The explanation is easy to understand because its logic is clear.” The explanation's logic is what is clear, and that clarity makes it easy to understand.
「感情だけでなく論理に基づいて判断した。」 means “I made the decision based on logic, not emotion alone.” 論理に基づいて identifies a basis for the decision. 感情だけでなく shows that emotion was not the sole basis; it does not say emotion was completely excluded or that the decision must be correct.
Theoretical content and the reasoning of an explanation
The lecture sentence checks the content of a learned theory through an experiment. The explanation sentence evaluates the logic that connects the explanation. Identify the theory being checked and the reasoning that makes up the explanation as distinct subjects.
The word 理論 alone does not establish that every theory has been proved, and a decision based on 論理 is not automatically correct. For this comparison, first find the roles of the theoretical content and the explanation's or decision's reasoning rather than reducing the question to correctness alone.
What is examined in checking the lecture's 理論 by experiment and in 「説明の論理が明快」?
Show the answer and why
The first examines the content of a theory; the second concerns the logic that makes up an explanation. Read that content and those reasoning connections separately, without making clear logic a claim that every theory is proved or every decision is correct.