模倣 and 複製: practicing from a model and displaying a replica
Compare 模倣 in practice and a wish to add ideas with 複製 in a substitute display and map reproduction. Read permission and copying within each translation's stated scope.
模倣 in practice and a wish
模倣 (もほう) means imitation or copying. 「初心者は名人の動きを模倣して練習した。」 means “Beginners practiced by imitating an expert's movements.” The beginners practiced by following the expert's movements. Those movements serve as a model for practice.
「単なる模倣ではなく、自分なりの工夫を加えたい。」 means “I want to add my own ideas rather than stopping at simple imitation.” 加えたい expresses a wish to add one's own ideas. The sentence identifies the desired addition to imitation without reporting a finished original work.
複製 in a display and a permission statement
複製 (ふくせい) means replica or reproduction. 「傷みやすい原本の代わりに複製を展示した。」 means “We displayed a replica instead of the fragile original.” The displayed object was a replica replacing the fragile original. Fragility describes the original's susceptibility to damage, rather than stating that damage had already occurred.
「許可を得て古い地図を複製した。」 means “We obtained permission to reproduce the old map.” The English quotation directly states that permission was obtained. Japanese 複製した reports copying the map after obtaining permission, so the Japanese sentence and the English translation differ in what they directly state.
The model, the replica and the reported action
The expert's movements serve as a model for practice, while the displayed replica stands in for an original object. Read the object and action together to distinguish practicing from displaying a reproduction.
In the map example, the English directly reports obtaining permission. Preserve that scope alongside the completed copying in Japanese, rather than treating permission alone as confirmation that reproduction was completed.
What was displayed in 原本の代わりに複製を展示した, and what does the English map example directly state?
Show the answer and why
A replica was displayed in place of the fragile original. The English map example directly states that permission to reproduce the map was obtained. Keep that scope distinct from the completed copying reported in Japanese.