記録: Recording temperatures and setting a new speed record
Use 記録した and 最速記録を更新した to distinguish writing data down from improving a performance record during practice.
Recording temperatures in a notebook
記録（きろく） can mean a record or recording. 「毎日の気温をノートに記録した。」 means “I recorded the daily temperature in a notebook.” Here it describes writing temperatures down.
毎日の気温 is the content recorded, and ノートに identifies where it was recorded. The past action 記録した reports recording temperatures, not explaining their cause or successfully forecasting future weather.
Improving a speed record
「彼女は練習中の最速記録を更新した。」 means “She set a new speed record during practice.” 最速記録 is a speed record, while 更新した describes improving it. This differs from merely editing words in a notebook.
練習中 limits the event to practice. The sentence supplies neither a competition or world-record claim nor a numerical speed.
Read the action and the achievement
Recording temperatures concerns the action of 記録する; 最速記録を更新する concerns an achievement record being improved. The target and surrounding expression distinguish what was recorded from which record was improved.
Writing records and improving a performance record can be related without being the same action. A new practice record does not instead establish a notebook edit or improved memory.
Does 彼女は練習中の最速記録を更新した mean only editing words in a notebook?
Show the answer and why
No. It reports improving a speed record during practice. Distinguish that achievement from recording temperatures, without adding a competition or world-record claim.