権利 and 資格: rights and qualifications
Distinguish recognized rights from qualifications for a role or participation.
A recognized right
権利 (けんり) means a recognized right concerning an action or benefit. 「意見を言う権利があります」 says there is a right to express an opinion, not an obligation to speak.
「権利を守る」 means protecting rights. Distinguish a claim that a right exists from an action to protect it.
Meeting conditions or ability requirements
資格 (しかく) means qualifications or conditions needed for a role or participation. 「応募資格を確認しました」 says that application requirements were checked, not that the person necessarily meets them.
「資格を持っています」 means having a qualification. Read what qualification is meant to distinguish a credential from eligibility to participate.
A right is not the action itself
「参加する権利はありますが、今回は参加しません」 means having the right to participate but choosing not to this time. Distinguish possessing a right from exercising it.
「資格があれば応募できます」 means that qualified people may apply. Qualification does not guarantee employment or selection.
Does 「資格を取りたいです」 mean the qualification has already been obtained?
Show the answer and why
No. It expresses a wish to obtain the qualification. Completion is expressed separately, as in 「資格を取りました」.