から, まで, and までに
から and まで identify starting and ending points. With time, distinguish まで from までに: is an activity continuing until a time, or must it be completed by a deadline?
Name the starting and ending points
九時から五時まで働きます。 means 'I work from nine to five.' から marks the start and まで the end. If only one boundary is needed, a sentence such as 九時からです ('It starts at nine') is possible.
駅から学校まで歩きます。 means 'I walk from the station to the school.' These particles also describe a spatial range. Separate the destination, the school, from the means of travel, walking.
まで for continuing until a time
五時まで待ちます。 sets five o'clock as the end of the waiting period. Waiting continues until that time; it does not mean completing a single act of waiting at some earlier point.
For real notices, such as a shop being closed until Monday, check the full wording and schedule if inclusion of the final day matters. Do not infer every real-world boundary time from まで alone.
までに for a deadline
五時までに出してください。 means 'Please submit it by five.' Submitting earlier is fine. Unlike 五時まで待ってください ('Please wait until five'), it does not ask you to keep the action going.
For a deadline, note when the action must be completed. For a continuing activity, note how long it lasts. Even with the same clock time, まで and までに lead to different plans of action.
Check: If asked 三時までに来てください。, may you arrive at 2:50?
Show the answer and why
Yes, that meets the deadline expressed by the sentence. You are asked to arrive by three, so an earlier arrival is possible. It does not describe an action continuing until three.