引用 and 借用: quoted sentences and borrowed words or figures
Compare a quotation from a diary with a figure borrowed from research. Words can also be borrowed, so the terms do not form an exclusive words-versus-figures division.
Quoting original wording
引用 (いんよう) means quotation or citation. 「自分の日記から短い一文を引用した。」 says a short sentence was quoted from the speaker’s own diary.
「引用した部分には印を付けてください。」 asks for a mark on the quoted section. It identifies the portion to mark rather than reporting completed marking.
Using borrowed material
借用 (しゃくよう) means borrowing or using borrowed material. 「報告書では海外の研究から図を借用した。」 says the report used a figure borrowed from overseas research.
「他人の言葉を借用する場合は出典を明らかにする。」 says to make the source clear when borrowing another person’s words. Borrowed material is not restricted to figures.
Material type and manner of use
The examples include borrowing both a figure and words. Do not restrict 引用 to words and 借用 to figures as mutually exclusive categories.
Identify what expression or material was brought in and how its source is presented. Making a source clear does not by itself establish permission or fulfillment of legal conditions.
What is borrowed in 「他人の言葉を借用する場合は出典を明らかにする。」?
Show the answer and why
Another person’s words. 借用 is not limited to figures; this sentence concerns making the source clear when those words are borrowed.