舗装 and 整備: paving, unpaved paths, and maintenance
Read 舗装 in road repaving and an unpaved path alongside 整備 in trail improvement and bicycle maintenance, keeping each activity and its object clear.
舗装 names paving or describes a path's state
「雨で傷んだ道路を春に舗装し直した。」 says that the road damaged by rain was repaved in spring. 舗装 names the paving activity, and し直した presents doing it again as a past action.
「舗装されていない山道をゆっくり進んだ。」 describes moving slowly along an unpaved mountain road. 舗装されていない gives the road's unpaved state; it does not announce a future plan to pave it.
整備 applies to a trail and a bicycle
「公園の遊歩道を安全に歩けるよう整備した。」 describes improving a park trail so people could walk on it safely. The trail is the object of 整備した, while 安全に歩けるよう states the purpose of the improvement.
「出発前に自転車の整備を済ませた。」 says that bicycle maintenance was finished before departure. 整備 can name maintaining a bicycle as well as improving a trail. 済ませた marks completion, and 出発前に places it before leaving.
Match the activity name to its object
In 舗装されていない山道, the key information is the path's lack of paving. 自転車の整備 names maintenance of a bicycle. Their connection with places or means of travel does not make them the same roadwork activity.
The two 整備 examples keep both trail improvement and bicycle maintenance in view. The purpose of walking safely in the trail sentence does not confirm that every facility meets safety standards.
What do 舗装されていない山道 and 自転車の整備 describe, and is 整備 limited to bicycles?
Show the answer and why
The first describes an unpaved mountain path; the second names bicycle maintenance. 整備 also appears in improving a park trail for safe walking. The unpaved state adds no future paving plan, and the maintenance examples do not limit 整備 to bicycles.