変態: insect metamorphosis and a label in a prohibition
Distinguish 変態する for an insect process from 変態と呼ぶ for labeling a person. Read classroom learning and the prohibition without adding an actual insult.
Learning about insect metamorphosis
変態 (へんたい) can mean metamorphosis. 「授業で昆虫が幼虫から成虫へ変態する過程を学んだ。」 means “In class, we learned how insects undergo metamorphosis from larvae to adults.” 変態する names the process of insects changing from larvae to adults in this example.
学んだ reports learning about that process in class. The insects' change and the learners' action have different roles; the sentence supplies no new experimental result or detailed sequence for every insect.
A label applied to a person
「人を根拠なく変態と呼んで侮辱してはいけない。」 means “You must not insult someone by baselessly calling them a pervert.” Here 変態 is a label applied to a person, rendered pervert in English. It is not translated as the insect's biological process.
根拠なく describes the baseless labeling, and 侮辱してはいけない prohibits the insult. The prohibition does not report that someone actually committed the prohibited act.
変態する and 変態と呼ぶ
In the insect example, 変態する describes a process. In the person example, 変態と呼ぶ describes calling someone by a label. The object and verb combination distinguish the two meanings of the shared spelling.
根拠なく specifies that the labeling is baseless, and 侮辱してはいけない prohibits insulting someone in that way. Unlike the insect's transformation in the first example, 人 identifies the person being called a name, and 侮辱する identifies the forbidden action.
Do the insect's 変態する and 変態と呼んで侮辱してはいけない have the same meaning and both report completed events?
Show the answer and why
No. The first concerns insect metamorphosis learned about in class; the second prohibits insulting someone by applying that label. The prohibition does not report that the insult actually occurred.