含む: material costs in a fee and a faint scent in the air
Read the material costs included in a participation fee and the faint floral scent held by the morning air, keeping each inclusion bounded.
A fee's components and a scent in the air
含む (ふくむ) means to include or contain. The participation-fee sentence concerns an included cost; the morning-air sentence concerns a faint scent it held.
Identify the relation of 材料代 and 花の香り to their containers. Material costs are included in the fee, and a floral scent is held in the air.
The included cost and the faint scent
「参加費は材料代を含む金額です。」 (The participation fee includes the cost of materials.) The participation fee includes the cost of materials. This stated inclusion does not add all transport, tax or other incidental costs.
「朝の空気はかすかに花の香りを含んでいた。」 (The morning air held a faint scent of flowers.) The morning air held a faint floral scent. Retain the faintness of かすかに and the reported past state rather than a strong scent or physical flowers mixed into the air.
Keep the included content with its object
含む in the fee sentence gives part of an amount's composition. 含んでいた in the air sentence gives a scent it held. Read what includes or contains together with the included content.
A floral scent in the air does not identify the physical presence or location of flowers. The fee sentence likewise names material costs within its own inclusion scope.
What is included in the fee and held by the air in the 含む examples?
Show the answer and why
The fee includes material costs, and the morning air held a faint floral scent. The sentences supply neither coverage of every extra cost nor the physical presence of flowers.