平等 and 公平: equal opportunities, shared candy, and fair criteria
Read an obligation about opportunities, an equal division, and fair judging alongside a conditional claim about deciding an order.
平等: opportunities that should be given and divided candy
平等 (びょうどう) means equality or equal. 「全員に平等な機会が与えられるべきだ。」 means “Everyone should be given an equal opportunity.” べきだ expresses that everyone should receive an equal opportunity.
「兄弟で菓子を平等に分けた。」 means “The siblings divided the candy equally.” The siblings divided candy equally, a concrete distribution example.
公平: evaluated works and a condition about order
公平 (こうへい) means fairness or impartiality. 「審査員はすべての作品を公平に評価した。」 means “The judges evaluated every work fairly.” The judges evaluated every work fairly.
「順番を決めるなら、くじ引きが最も公平だ。」 means “Drawing lots would be the fairest way to decide the order.” 順番を決めるなら supplies the condition of deciding an order; drawing lots is described as fairest there.
Read obligation, distribution, and conditions separately
An obligation to provide equal opportunities does not report that it has already been achieved for everyone.
Equal candy shares and fair evaluation have different objects. The statement about order is not a lottery rule for every decision.
Does the 公平 statement about drawing lots require lotteries for every decision?
Show the answer and why
No. Its condition concerns deciding an order. The obligation about opportunities and the completed candy division belong to their own examples.