exceed

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: The on reading is ちょう, and the kun readings are こえる and こす. It has 12 strokes and relates to exceeding a standard or limit.
• Basic usage: 超える is read こえる, and 超過 is read ちょうか.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• 超える / 超過
  • 超える means to exceed or to surpass and is read こえる. It describes going beyond a quantity, expectation, or standard.
  • 参加者の数が予想を大きく超えた。 means “The number of participants far exceeded expectations.”
  • 超過 means excess or overrun and is read ちょうか. It refers to an excess or overrun beyond a limit or set time.
  • 作業時間の超過を防ぐため、工程を見直した。 means “We reviewed the process to prevent work hours from running over.”