examine

1. Origins, structure, and basic meaning

• Structure: 審 conveys close examination; its on-reading is しん.
• Basic usage: 審査(しんさ) means screening or review, while 審判(しんぱん) can mean a referee or judgment.

2. Common pitfalls and similar expressions

• The act of reviewing and a referee in a game
  • 審査 is the review of submitted works or documents. 書類審査 means document screening.
  • In the game examples, 審判 refers to the official who blows the whistle or changes a decision. The latter part of 審判 is read ぱん.